Cylinder head construction for diesel engines



W. H. ROSS April 11, 1939.

CYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTION FOR DIESEL ENGTNFS Filed FebY 9, 1937 Patented Apr. 11, 1939 t UNITED STATES PATENTl OFFICE CYLINDER- HEAD CONSTRUCTION FOR DIESEL ENGINES William Hope Ross, Estevan, Saskatchewan,

, Canada Application February 9, 1937, Serial No. 124,881 1 Claim. (Cl. 12S-173) This invention relates to a cylinder head conciently removed without boiling with injurious struction for Diesel engines and more particularly chemicals or removing the entire head. to an improved construction which is designed to It is also an object of the invention to provide provide ahead which will have a longer life and a Diesel head construction which materially re- 5 require less space and operate more efficiently duces both the weight of the engine and the head 5 than the heads ordinarily provided. room required.

Engine heads for Diesel engines of known de- Another object of the invention is to provide sign havehad the 'water jacket and the head a head construction'in which all the forces are cast in one piece. Others have the head formed applied directly so that each part resists as large ic in two parts with the cooling chamber constituted a force as possible per unit of weight. In this by the space between those parts. It has been way Weight is reduced to a minimum.

y common practice in the construction of those These objects are attained by making the head heads to use sand cores in forming at least a portion, that is both head prop-er and water portion of the cooling chambers. In fact the jacket, in two pieces. The head proper is the la design has in many cases been such that the heavier part, is conical and formed with a flange f use of cores could not be avoided. The use of at its base- The flange is bolted to the cylinder cores caused pitting of the metal and necessarily Walls and both the flange and the head proper resulted in parts of unequal cross-section. It also are cast forged or otherwise formed in Single provided surfaces which were inaccessible and piece, the cross-sectional thickness of which is could not be machined. v substantially uniform. 20

Due to the combination of these effects the The water jacket rests upon and ts snugly cast parts were unduly subject to crystallization about the head. It iS attached t0 the head by and cracking. The unequal expansion and conmeans which are independent of those holding traction due to uneven thickness of the parts as the head proper t0 the Cylinder. The jacket can Well as the faults in the metal due to the method be removed and thc COOling Surfaces eXpOSed for of forming the parts caused premature failure of cleaning WithoutV dctacllirlg the Complete head.

the Cylinder heads- Such easy cleaning promotes frequent cleaning Furthermore, the inaccessibility of the surfaces, and lchgthens the life 0f the head. especially the cooling surfaces, made it impossible The invention iS further illustrated by refer- IO to clean these parts except by the use of acids ence to the drawing which shows a cylinder head and equivaientchemicais, such eieaning is neeconstruction embodying the features which form essary because of the high temperatures of Diesel the Subject matter 0f tlliS aPpliCatiOn. engines and the necessity of removing excess heat. Figure 1 iS a perspective View 0f the assembly scale had to be removed. The enemigas furwith the cover detached and somewhat removed `5 ther abetted the crystallization and when Lthe from the head. 35 parts so cleaned bore a substantial proportion of Figure 2 iS a SectiOrl taken in a Vertical Plane the stresses the result was premature failure of passing tllrOugh a diameter 0f the head, and the parts.V To overcome this the size of the cyl- Figure 3 iS a tOD Plan VcW With the COVcr Darinderhead was increased. This produced obvitia-lly cut away.

0 ously disadvantageous features. y In the drawing the head l has a ange 2 at 40 f It is the object of the present invention to the base of a central cone- This enge comincrease the efciency of a Diesel engine and at Dletely encircles the base and rests upon the the same time reduce the size and weight of its Cylinder Wall 3- The tOD inner edge 0f the cylinhead Without impairing its strength. der Wall is slightly cut away to form a seat 4 c It is a further object of this invention to profor the shoulderlike projection 5 on the bottom 45 duce a head of such a design that the parts can of the annular flange. At the apex of the cone of be made of substantially equal thickness and thus the head an opening 6 for a fuel injection valve eliminate the stresses and strains caused by unis provided. There is no special cooling arrangeeven expansion and contraction. It is a further ment required for this particular part of the head j object of the invention to provide a head member The injection valve iS in Contact With the head which eliminates dead air pockets and thus infor only a small part 0f its length. The Surface creases the eiciency of the engine. available for heat transfer is thus reduced and It isa further object of the invention to prothe temperature remains low. It has been found vide ahead which has a removable water jacket that when the length of the opening with which i and from which the scale can be easily and e'ithe fuel injection valve is in contact is not more 55 than three inches the temperature of the valve is such that it is not necessary to provide a cooling arrangement other than that ordinarily provided for the head proper.

Extending vertically through the flange and equally spaced about the circumference there is a plurality of holes 1. Every. alternate hole registers with a similar hole 8 in the upper surface of the cylinder wall. These latter communicate with the water jacket 9 which cools the cylinder walls. The remaining holes in the depending flanges are adapted to receive studs II) which project from the upper surface of the cylinder wall. These studs are threaded and nuts I I hold the head in place on the cylinder. y

A horizontal opening 8a in the flange provides a passage for introducing starting air into the cylinder. Circular gaskets I2 surround the lower opening of the holes 1 and provide an effective seal between the water jacket and the cylinder. The cover I3 fits over the head I and the lower edge of its side wall I4 rests upon the upper outer edge of the annular flange 2.

The apex of the conical top of the cylinder head projects and snugly ts into the aperture Ide provided in the top of the cover. An annular washer I5 bolted by means of studs and nuts I6 connects and seals the joint between the apex of the cone and the cover. 'Ihe cover may be attached and held firmly to the annular flange by means of lugs I'I welded or otherwise suitably attached to its side wall I4. Co-operating with these lugs are hooks I8, the lower end of which is designed to engage a recess I9 extending around the base of the flange 2. The upper end of these attaching members is threaded to receive a nut or other tightening device by which the cover may be tightly secured to the flange and thus form in co-operation with the washer 210 a watertight seal. The cover thus provides a space connected with the cylinder water jacket and adapted to receive cooling fluid for the head. An opening fitted with a pipe 2| is provided for the circulation of the cooling fluid.

It will be seen that a cylinder head construction has been provided which requires a minimum of space and which at the same time provides an ecient cooling jacket which can be easily and quickly removed without dismantling the whole engine head. It is thus possible to clean easily both the circulating system and the water jacket itself and thus prevent the scaling which is occasioned both by cleaning with acids and the like and also bythe lack of cleaning.

Both the core and the flange portion of the head I are made, according to the invention, of substantially the same cross-sectional thickness, without regard to the point at which the section being considered is taken. This is clearly shown in Figure 2. Such a construction not only obviates the stresses and strains caused by uneven contraction and expansion of parts having widely varying thicknesses, but it also provides an engine head, all the surfaces of which may be machined.

Y It will be appreciated that the head construction according to the invention is one in which the possibility of what is known as dead air pockets is eliminated. 'I'hese pockets are spaces into which the mixed fuel and air current from the nozzle does not reach. Since there is no circulation the mixing of fuel and air is not as Yintimate as elsewhere in the head and the combustion of the fuel in these spaces is incomplete. It will be seen that spaces which could act in the above manner are not found in the head construction according to the invention.

What I claim as my invention is:

A cylinder head construction comprising in combination a cylinder wall, a conical head member of substantially uniform thickness having a fuel injection valve opening at its apex and an integral depending annular flange at its base, abutting the upper surface of the cylinder wall, a coverfltting over said head member to form a water chamber and having an opening for the apex of said head member, means for detachably securing the cover to the flange of the head member and means for detachably securing the flange to the cylinder wall.

WILLIAM HOPE ROSS. 

